Glossary - Sevet

Topic	Name of Terminology	Explanation	Country
Vocational Education Training	Formal vocational training	An education process that ends with the issuance of a state document on education	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		The ensemble of didactic and pedagogical actions, institutionally designed through systematically organized structures, across levels and study cycles, within the framework of a rigorously executed instructional process, both in terms of time and space.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		Learning that occurs in an organized and structured environment (such as in an education or training institution) and is explicitly designated as learning (in terms of objectives, time or resources). Formal learning is intentional from the learner’s point of view. It typically leads to a certification	Italy
Vocational Education Training		An education process which aims to provide knowledge, skills and competences needed in the wider labour market that ends with the issuance of a state document on education	Greece
Vocational Education Training		Issuance of a state educational document – recognized qualification. E.g. diploma, degree, apprenticeship diploma	Austria
Vocational Education Training	first vocational education	theoretical, methodical and practical training that enables the performance of simple tasks in a specific field of activity related to various professional directions	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Armenia, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece
Vocational Education Training		e.g. apprenticeship; training between three and four years in a chosen profession	Austria
Vocational Education Training	informal vocational training	Type of education received as a result of various courses, clubs and individual courses, wherein no state education document is issued upon completion	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		The aggregate of instructive and pedagogical influences spontaneously and continuously exerted upon the individual within the family, within the community, within the neighborhood, on the streets, within (micro) social groups, within the social environment (cultural, professional, economic, religious, etc.), within the community (national, regional, territorial, local), and through mass media (print media, radio, television, etc.).	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		Universities of applied sciences; courses are offered to further your education	Austria
Vocational Education Training	industrial experience	a practical activity process that strengthens and improves the knowledge, skills, and habits gained from studying in the specialty	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		Internships; traineeships, research projects	Austria
Vocational Education Training	industrial training	practical activity process in accordance with the state standards for specific professional training of students as an essential part of vocational education	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		Industrial training in Austria is an important pillar of the education system and helps to train qualified specialists for the various trades and crafts. These professional qualifications are generally internationally recognized and offer graduates good career prospects.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	Work experience / internship contract	a tripartite agreement between the vocational training institution, the student and the employer on the implementation of practical experience at the workplace	Azerbaijan, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		An internship agreement between the vocational education institution, represented by the director, and the practice partner. Internships are a mandatory component of the vocational training process, the duration of which is regulated by the Curriculum Framework and the Training Plan for each occupation, in accordance with applicable norms, and they constitute a condition for advancement and qualification. These internships are conducted with the purpose of developing the professional competencies of students, specific to a professional qualification at level 3 of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) within the National Qualifications Framework.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training	Apprenticeship	A work-based learning method that allows individuals to gain practical experience and skills under the guidance of experienced professionals.	Luxembourg
Vocational Education Training		Written contract between an intern and a company or organization. This contract regulates the framework conditions of the internship, including duration, remuneration (if applicable), working hours and the rights and obligations of both parties. It ensures that the internship complies with legal regulations and standards and provides a structured learning environment.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	Qualification	Confirmation with a state document on education that the person has knowledge, skills, competence and experience according to relevant standarts	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
Vocational Education Training	Further education	an education based on supplemen-tary education programs provided to meet the citizens’ comprehend-sive educational needs.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		Further training after initial training or studies.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	Non-formal consecutive education	a form of education obtained in various courses, associations and individual lessons and not accompanied by the issuance of a state document on education	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		offers people the opportunity to expand their professional skills and qualifications in a targeted manner without having to complete a full formal education. It helps to improve and update the professional skills and qualifications of the workforce in Austria.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	moduls	is an independent section of the educational program (curriculum) or training period, it is a training part that involves the study of materials related to the formation of specific professional-specialized competencies in separate blocks in a structured manner	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		A module is a unit of training that is open and flexible, distinct as a separately evaluated entity within a natural workflow process. Its primary objective is to instill in the student specific professional behaviors corresponding to their chosen profession or specialization. A module represents a unified instructional structure, both theoretically and in terms of theoretical and practical training.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		structured subunits of educational programs or courses that cover specific topics or skills.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	Vocational high school	an educational institution providing full secondary education along with vocational education	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (HTL), Höhere Lehranstalten für wirtschaftliche Berufe (HAK), these schools are attended after the ninth compulsory school year.	Austria
Vocational Education Training		Vocational training institutions	Moldova
Vocational Education Training	Vocational school	vocational training institution	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
Vocational Education Training	professional standards	a document that systematically reflects the general requirements imposed on the labor functions performed by employees in specific professional fields	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		The mandatory conditions for the development of educational programs at all levels and cycles of education in both public and private institutions, as well as the minimum compulsory requirements regarding the content of educational programs, the maximum workload imposed on children, students, and teaching staff, infrastructure and facilities of the educational institution, the level of readiness of graduates, and the organization of the educational process. State educational standards serve as the foundation for the objective assessment of the quality and level of training and qualification of graduates, regardless of the form of study.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training	vocational training	in accordance with the demand of the labor market, the level of education where the training of qualified personnel for various professions is carried out on the basis of general secondary education and full secondary education	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		A training process through which a recognized qualification is obtained, substantiated by a certificate or diploma, and accompanied by a Europass model supplement, issued in accordance with the relevant legal provisions.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		Vocational training indicates an educational pathway, under regional competence, professionalizing young people who want to enter the world of work right away. This pathway is parallel to and differentiated from that which young people follow for school education, which is a state responsibility	Italy
Vocational Education Training		Dual system; education system that aims to provide students and apprentices with both theoretical and practical skills to prepare them for a variety of careers.	Austria
Vocational Education Training	vocational training center	an educational institution operating at all levels of vocational education on the basis of general secondary education and full secondary education, specialized in certain vocational directions	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Italy, Greece
Vocational Education Training		An educational institution operating at all levels of vocational education on the basis of general secondary education and full secondary education, specialized in certain vocational directions. It may also encompass apprenticeship programs, providing opportunities for continuous professional development and recognizing the attainment of micro-credentials.	Luxembourg
Vocational Education Training		Vocational training centers offer training programs in various apprenticeships tailored to the specific requirements of the occupations. These programs include both theoretical courses at vocational school and practical training in companies or workshops	Austria
Vocational Education Training		an educational institution operating at all levels of vocational education on the basis of general secondary education and full secondary education, specialized in certain vocational directions. Programs include both theoretical courses at vocational school and practical training in companies or workshops.	Armenia
Vocational Education Training	regular at the vocational training institution	persons studying in short-term courses at a vocational training institution	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		students or trainees have a fixed duty of attendance at the vocational training institution during their vocational education and qualification	Austria
Vocational Education Training	a student at a vocational educational institution	persons studying at the vocational education institution at the levels of vocational education	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		Persons learning at the vocational education and training institution at the levels of vocational education and training	Austria
Vocational Education Training	vocational training	a pedagogical process based on interaction between the teacher and the learner in the performance of a certain type of work (group of work).	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		A process based on the interaction between the teacher and the learner in carrying out a certain type of work (work group), called “project teaching” or “group work”	Austria
Vocational Education Training	technical vocational education	theoretical, methodical and practical training that allows to perform simple, special and complex tasks in a specific field of activity related to various professions	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		The technical vocational education system is the system that encompasses all educational institutions offering programs for the training of skilled workers, craftsmen, technicians, and other categories of specialists in accordance with the National Qualifications Framework, the List of Vocational Training Fields and Occupations, the List of Vocational Training Fields, Specializations, and Qualifications approved by the Government, as well as levels 3, 4, and 5 of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		To prepare students and apprentices for technical careers. This training provides specific technical skills and knowledge that are in demand in various industrial and technology sectors	Austria
Vocational Education Training	higher technical vocational education	high theoretical, methodical and practical training that allows to independently perform simple, special and complex tasks, including planning, organization and management of work to be carried out in a specific field of activity related to various professions	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		N/A	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		Higher Technical Vocational Education aims to train specialists for demanding technical and engineering professions and enables graduates to broaden their career opportunities and professional perspectives. This training is an important pillar in the Austrian educational landscape and contributes to strengthening technical know-how in the country	Austria
Vocational Education Training	State standards of vocational education	determines the content, management, material and technical base, infrastructure, measurable quality indicators of educators, the level of knowledge, skills and skills of learners at each level of vocational education.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Austria, Armenia
Vocational Education Training		State vocational educational standards serve as the foundation for the objective assessment of the quality and level of training and qualification of graduates. It is a mandatory condition for the implementation of vocational educational programs within technical vocational educational institutions. The state standards encompass the minimum compulsory requirements concerning the content of vocational educational programs, the maximum workload expected of students and teaching staff, the infrastructure and facilities of the technical vocational educational institution, the level of graduates’ readiness, and the organization of the vocational educational process.	Moldova
		determines the content, management, material and technical base, infrastructure, measurable quality indicators of educators, the level of knowledge, skills and skills of learners at each level of vocational education. In Italy vocational guidance services and vocational education and training (VET) are a regional competence	Italy
Vocational Education Training	Program (curriculum) of the vocational education specialty	The state standards of vocational education are approved by the relevant executive authority, taking into account the general requirements for the professional standard of the specialty and the content of vocational education.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece,
Vocational Education Training		The state standards of vocational education accredited by the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Education and Research and approved by the Ministry of Education and Research, taking into account a set of document consisting of i) the educational plan; ii) curricula for the modules/disciplines within the educational plan; iii) methodological guidelines for the implementation of the curricula.	Moldova
Vocational Education Training		program or the curriculum of the VET subject the structured arrangement of teaching content and learning objectives that are taught as part of vocational education. The curriculum is specific to each apprenticeship occupation and specifies the required theoretical and practical elements that students must complete during their training in order to acquire the necessary skills and qualifications.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Employee training programs (curricula)	with the participation of representatives of interested parties (employers, specialists, students, educators) in vocational education institutions, it is prepared on the basis of exemplary educational programs (curricula)	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria
entrepreneurship		A set of theoretical and practical subjects/topics developed with the participation of (the sectoral committees, interested parties and the central authorities – where applicable) and are approved by the Ministry of Education and Research.. It is prepared on the basis of exemplary educational programs (curricula)	Moldova
entrepreneurship		with the participation of representatives of interested parties (employers, specialists, students, educators) in vocational education institutions, it is prepared on the basis of exemplary educational programs (curricula) These programs can take various forms and are tailored to the specific needs and goals of the company or organization.	Armenia
entrepreneurship	Entrepreneurship	Activities to create and manage your own business, resulting in a new product or service.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Entrepreneurship is the activity of manufacturing products, carrying out work, and providing services, conducted by individuals and their associations independently, on their own initiative, in their own name, at their own risk, and under their own financial liability, with the purpose of ensuring a continuous source of income.	Moldova
entrepreneurship		Economic activity organized as an enterprise and directed to the production or marketing of goods or services	Italy
entrepreneurship		refers to the activities of people who start, manage or develop their own business. It includes the creation, management and growth of business, as well as entrepreneurship as a professional activity.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Entrepreneur	someone who takes a risk to develop a new idea, product or service offered by the company.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		An entrepreneur can be: ● any citizen of the Republic of Moldova who is not restricted in their rights as established by the current Law and other legislative acts, ● any foreign citizen or stateless person in accordance with the applicable legislation. ● a group of citizens or stateless persons (a partnership) from which a collective entrepreneur is formed. ● any legal entity or individual in accordance with their primary purposes and the law. ● the state and local public administration authorities are special entrepreneurs. The responsibilities of entrepreneurs in state (municipal) enterprises are carried out by the chief enterprise manager based on a contract concluded with them. Heads and specialists in public administration authorities, responsible for resolving issues related to entrepreneurial activities or overseeing such activities, do not have the right to engage in entrepreneurship	Moldova
entrepreneurship		One who professionally carries on an economic activity for the production and exchange of goods or services	Italy
entrepreneurship		who establishes, manages or operates his or her own business to carry out economic activities. Entrepreneurs are responsible for planning, organizing and managing their business. They bear the entrepreneurial risk and are responsible for the decision-making, management, finances and strategic direction of their business	Austria
entrepreneurship	Entrepreneurial ability	Owners of material or intellectual property are supposed to be more useful in a certain field of social activity, to perform a certain task more successfully.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
		Entrepreneurial ability means being able to materialize ideas to offer added value to society	Italy
entrepreneurship		N/A	Moldova
entrepreneurship		Entrepreneurs in Austria should develop a clear business strategy based on market research and customer needs to remain competitive. In addition, they should comply with the legal and tax requirements for their business to ensure smooth management.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Business	economic activity aimed at generating income	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Economic activity aimed to generate income. Vocational education institutions may engage in entrepreneurial activities under the conditions established by the Government, including within their own production workshops that also conduct commercial operations.	Moldova
entrepreneurship	Marketing	to know who your customers are, the set of all activities you perform to determine their needs and wants.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		The activity to identify the customers, and the set of all activities that are performed to determine the needs and requests of the potential customers/clients.	Moldova
entrepreneurship		With reference to enterprises producing consumer goods, the set of methods designed to place products with maximum profit in a given market through the choice and planning of the most appropriate policies of pricing, distribution, sales, advertising, and promotion, after identifying, through market analysis, the potential consumer	Italy
entrepreneurship		Effective marketing enables companies to position themselves in a competitive market, build customer relationships and achieve long-term business success.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Market segmentation	It means dividing the market into separate parts (segments).	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
entrepreneurship	Fees/expenses	It is the funds spent by the enterprise when it produces or sells any product.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		the financial costs and expenses incurred in managing the business, which affect the company’s profit.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Social enterprise	High level entity, irrespective of legal type, which has a primary social or environmental mission but uses some element of trade or business activities in order to achieve its aims.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		The activity of social entrepreneurship, conducted by social enterprises and social integration enterprises, is geared towards improving living conditions and providing opportunities for individuals in disadvantaged population groups by enhancing economic and social cohesion, including at the local community level. This is achieved through workforce employment, the development of community-oriented social services, and the promotion of social inclusion.	Moldova
entrepreneurship		A Social Enterprise is a private entity that carries out, on a stable basis, a business activity in the general interest, on a non-profit basis and for civic, solidarity and socially useful purposes	Italy
entrepreneurship		A form of enterprise that not only aims to maximize profits, but also pursues social and societal goals. These companies are designed to achieve a positive social or environmental impact by, for example, supporting disadvantaged populations, promoting environmental initiatives or driving social innovation. Social enterprises in Austria pursue a double bottom line by aiming for both social/environmental impact and economic sustainability.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Social economy	Generally refers to a variety of organizations that share the objective of putting people first, producing a positive impact on communities, and pursuing a social cause, while reinvesting profits back into the organization or cause, and having a participatory or democratic form of governance. Usually includes, cooperatives, associations, and mutual societies among others.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Social economy is characterized by the nonprofit and socially beneficial activities carried out by third sector organizations that are driven in their actions by principles such as reciprocity and democracy.	Italy
entrepreneurship		a sector of the economy that focuses on providing services and goods that pursue social and societal goals. This sector encompasses a wide range of organizations, including nonprofit organizations, social enterprises, cooperatives, social service providers, health and educational institutions, and charitable foundations.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Grant(s)	A sum of money awarded by a grant-funding agency, usually for a specific cause.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Austria, Armenia
entrepreneurship	Technical Assistance Grants	typically provided by public or developmental funders to ensure that capacity building happens along side commercial investment in order to improve outcomes and reduce risk for the commercial investor	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Financial support provided to facilitate technical assistance and capacity-building activities. These grants are typically aimed at assisting government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or other entities in Moldova to enhance their capacity and capabilities in various sectors such as education, healthcare, infrastructure, economic development, and governance. It Is often funded by international organizations, donor countries, or development agencies to help Moldova address specific challenges and improve its overall socio-economic and governance landscape. The specific objectives, eligibility criteria, and application processes that may vary depending on the funding organization and the nature of the assistance required.	Moldova
entrepreneurship		Funds granted to companies or entrepreneurs to support specific business activities, finance projects, or advance business development. These grants are often provided by government agencies, non-profit organizations, foundations or private investors.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Green Paper	Typically a document with some aggregation of background information and research with preliminary policy direction which is used in a public consultation process in order to gather feedback into the policy	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Moldova, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Institutional document that brings together elements and data that have emerged from the examination of a topic, used within bodies and institutions, including international ones, as a preliminary tool to a phase of discussion, in-depth study and consultation; may precede the drafting of a white paper.	Italy
entrepreneurship		Discussion paper or policy statement published by the Austrian government or other relevant bodies. Its purpose is to stimulate a broad public debate on a specific topic or policy issue and to solicit the opinions and feedback of citizens, stakeholders and experts.	Austria
entrepreneurship	White Paper	A broad statement of government strategy or policy on a given topic.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		It generally means an official report published by a national government or international organization on a particular topic or field of activity.	Italy
entrepreneurship		A white paper is a policy document that presents government actions and strategies on specific issues to support policy plans and decisions.	Austria
entrepreneurship	SWOT analysis	it helps to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and dangerous, i.e. problematic, aspects of your business idea.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		A strategic management tool that consists of a joint analysis of the strengths (strengths), weaknesses (weaknesses), opportunities (opportunities) and threats (threats) that a company faces. The underlying rationale of SWOT analysis is that only after examining strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats can one proceed with the identification of courses of action necessary to achieve business objectives. The technique is attributed to A. Humphrey who, during the 1960s and 1970s, led a research project in this area at Stanford University.	Italy
entrepreneurship		improves strategic planning by providing a comprehensive assessment of the factors that can affect the success or failure of their business.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Business plan	A short, exact, and unambiguous description of the proposed business, i.e., the objective of producing income, is provided, as are the circumstances and methods for achieving it.	Azerbaijan, Moldova, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		In economics, a plan in which the management of a company sets out (specifically for the benefit of shareholders) in a coordinated manner its intentions regarding future investments, revenues, expenditures, financial sources, types of products, and so on.	Italy
entrepreneurship		Is a written document that summarizes a company’s goals, strategies, financial projections, and operating details.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Social insurance	It is a form of guarantee aimed at compensating the lost wages, income or additional expenses of natural persons, as well as preventing their loss, in cases provided by law.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		The social protection system for insured individuals consists of providing allowances, aids, pensions, benefits for the prevention of illnesses and the restoration of work capacity, as well as other provisions as stipulated by legislation.	Moldova
entrepreneurship		This is a mode of social security in the form of insurance, regulated by law for specific and particular cases, such as for worker protection (for example, social insurance for disability) or such as social insurance for old age for longevity risk protection, in connection with which a social security agency provides a pension	Italy
		Social insurance in Austria is a system that provides social security for citizens through benefits such as health insurance, pension insurance and unemployment insurance	Austria
entrepreneurship	Inclusive business model	is a type of business model that seeks to create value for low-income communities by integrating them into a company’s value chain on the demand side as clients and consumers, and/or on the supply side as producers, entrepreneurs or employees in a sustainable way.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Business approach that aims to integrate individuals from disadvantaged or marginalized groups into the economic activities of the country. The goal is to create opportunities for these individuals to participate in the formal economy, improve their living conditions, and reduce inequality usually conducted by social enterprises and social integration enterprises	Moldova
entrepreneurship		refers to a corporate strategy that takes social and ecological aspects into account in addition to economic goals. It strives for a balanced integration of economic efficiency, social responsibility and environmental protection and aims for long-term sustainability and social integration.	Austria
entrepreneurship	Concessional capital	where a portion of the finance provided comes from a developmental funder and allows the commercial funder to provide their portion at normal terms while the investee receives that capital at preferential terms due to the concessional portion.	Azerbaijan, Luxembourg, Italy, Greece, Armenia
entrepreneurship		Financial resources provided by governments, international financial institutions, or donor organizations on favorable terms to support various development projects and initiatives. These favorable terms often include lower interest rates, longer repayment periods, and more flexible terms compared to standard commercial financing	Moldova
entrepreneurship		Concessional capital provided in the context of international development projects by international organizations or foreign governments to support specific development objectives. However, this is less common in purely national affairs or in Austrian economic development	Austria